Exp2

Expt 116 Soap From Nutmeg Adapted by Keith Reber (PSU 04) from a mathematical operation given by Marcio de Mattos and David Nicodem (J. Chem. Ed. 2002, 79, 94-95) Revised By Timothy Nowak (PSU 07) entry: For thousands of years, people have produced soap from lucubrates through with(predicate) a carry through known as saponification. Fats and ve prevailable oils atomic number 18 generally triesters consisting of three rough fat person virulent chains bonded to a mite of glycerol to appoint a triglyceride. When a strong root much(prenominal) as sodium hydroxide is added to a fat or oil and heated, the ester bonds of the triglycerides are hydrolyzed, and fatty acid salts are produced: O H3 H27CC 13 O O O O O CH3H C 13 27 O NaOH C CH3H27 13 Trimyristin (a fat) 723.14 g/mol mp 56-57°C OH 3 H3 H27CC 13 - O Na OH + EtOH, H2O Reflux 15 min. HO + Sodium myristate (a soap) 228.36 g/mol mp 5 8°C Glycerol These fatty acid salts have a glacial shoemakers last and a nonpolar end, giving the soap its rummy emulsifying properties. The long hydrocarbon tail is nonpolar and hydrophobic, and therefore parts well in nonpolar environments, such as grease.

The charged head of apiece fatty acid salt is polar and water-soluble (hydrophilic): Micelle organize from fat in water (ex: washing grease from give with soap) Since the soap is somewhat compatible in both fat and water, it effectively produces emulsions. This is accomplished by the formation of a micelle in which the fatty acid salts on the whole surround a droplet of oil, orien! ted so that the nonpolar hydrocarbon chains are dissolve in the fat and the polar carboxylate groups are turn in water. The micelle can then be easily sponge away with water, carrying the grease with it. In this experiment, the fat trimyristin ordain be extracted from ground nutmeg and saponified to produce sodium myristate, a carboxylate salt that functions as a soap. The properties of this soap will be determined through a series...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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